The Impact of Preoperative Nursing Care on Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical procedure performed to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). While this intervention is often life-saving, patients scheduled for CABG frequently experience heightened anxiety due to fear of surgery, concerns about postoperative recovery, and uncertainties regarding their overall prognosis. Anxiety in preoperative patients can negatively affect surgical outcomes, prolong hospital stays, and lead to poor post-surgical recovery.
Preoperative nursing care plays a crucial role in addressing anxiety by providing psychological support, education, and reassurance to patients. Comprehensive preoperative nursing interventions, such as structured patient education, emotional support, and relaxation techniques, have been shown to reduce anxiety and improve patient readiness for surgery. However, the extent to which preoperative nursing care impacts anxiety levels in patients undergoing CABG in Nigeria, particularly in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, remains underexplored.
Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria and the increasing demand for CABG procedures, there is a growing need to assess the effectiveness of preoperative nursing care in reducing anxiety. Understanding this relationship will provide valuable insights into improving preoperative care strategies and optimizing surgical outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Preoperative anxiety is a common challenge among patients scheduled for CABG, and its impact on surgical outcomes cannot be overlooked. Anxiety can trigger physiological responses such as elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate, which may complicate anesthesia administration and intraoperative hemodynamic stability. Despite the recognized benefits of preoperative nursing interventions in mitigating anxiety, the extent to which these interventions are effectively implemented in Nigerian healthcare settings remains unclear.
Many hospitals in Nigeria, including Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, may lack standardized protocols for preoperative psychological support, leading to variations in patient experiences and anxiety levels. Assessing the impact of preoperative nursing care on anxiety reduction will provide evidence-based recommendations for improving nursing practices and ensuring better patient outcomes.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the prevalence and severity of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing CABG in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative nursing care interventions in reducing anxiety levels among these patients.
- To determine the specific preoperative nursing strategies that contribute most significantly to anxiety reduction.
Research Questions
- What is the prevalence and severity of preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing CABG in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital?
- How effective is preoperative nursing care in reducing anxiety levels before CABG surgery?
- Which preoperative nursing interventions have the greatest impact on reducing anxiety among CABG patients?
Research Hypotheses
- Preoperative anxiety is significantly prevalent among patients undergoing CABG at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital.
- Preoperative nursing care interventions significantly reduce anxiety levels in patients scheduled for CABG.
- Patient education and psychological support are the most effective nursing interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on patients undergoing CABG at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital and the preoperative nursing care provided to them. It will evaluate anxiety levels before and after nursing interventions to determine their effectiveness. Limitations may include variations in individual patient responses to anxiety management strategies and possible recall bias in self-reported anxiety levels.
Definitions of Terms
- Preoperative Nursing Care: The nursing interventions provided before surgery to prepare patients physically and emotionally.
- Anxiety: A state of apprehension or fear that can affect physiological and psychological well-being before surgery.
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A surgical procedure to restore blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked coronary arteries.
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